The Prodromal Phase

The condition develops slowly and a prodromal phase often precedes the onset of schizophrenia. This phase can usually last for several months or years. This is characterised by a deteriorating functioning for example:

 

• Decreased enthusiasm
• Lack of attention and concentration
• Anxiety
• Social withdrawal
• Sleep disturbances. 

 

However, the condition is usually only recognised when the more prominent psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia become apparent (hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder).

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The First Episode
The first episode typically occurs at a young age; late adolescence, emerging adulthood or usually when people are trying to make the transition to independent living. Approximately one in a hundred people experience a first episode of schizophrenia and an estimated 30 per cent of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia recover after the first episode.

Schizophrenia is usually separated into acute and chronic phases.


​Acute Schizophrenia

The acute phase is characterised by symptoms, such as hallucinations, delusions and thought disorders (positive symptoms). Acute attacks of schizophrenia can occur intermittently, which is dependent on the successfulness of pharmacological, psychological and other interventions. Patients may show considerable improvement where symptoms are diminished or often disappear after an acute episode.

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Chronic Schizophrenia

Some patients may progress to chronic schizophrenia which is characterised by social withdrawal, apathy and lack of concentration (negative symptoms). The chronic syndrome can last for several years and is much more difficult to treat.